There are three operations that correspond to Elementary Row Operations.
1. Interchange two equations.
Example:
a. Interchange the first and second rows.
Original Matrix New Row-Equivalent Matrix
[ 0 1 7 2 ] [ 1 4 2 3 ]
[ 1 4 2 3 ] [ 0 1 7 2 ] R1 <---> R2
[ 3 7 -1 3 ] [ 2 -3 4 1 ]
2. Multiply an equation by a nonzero constant.
Example:
b. Multiply the first row by -2 in order to produce a new first row.
Original Matrix New Row-Equivalent Matrix
[ 1 6 -3 2] [-2 -12 6 -4 ]
[ 2 4 -4 0] [ 2 4 -4 0 ] -2(R1) ---> R1
[ 6 2 -8 1] [ 6 2 -8 1 ]
3. Add a multiple of an equation to another equation.
Example:
c. Add -4 times times the first row to the third row to produce a new third row.
Original Matrix New Row-Equivalent Matrix
[ 2 4 2 1 ] [ 2 4 2 1 ]
[ 3 1 9 4 ] [ 3 1 9 4 ] R3 + R1(-4) ---> R3
[ 8 8 3 6 ] [ 0 -8 -5 2 ]
*Two matrices are row-equivalent if one can be obtained from the other by a finite sequence of elementary row operations.
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